I had read about this before (it was also a great suggestion) and I wanted to clarify the UART idea. Would RX, TX, and GND be directly connectable to the 82C250 without any additional protocol initially? - Well, maybe it's just the power of habit...
I now believe the reason is that the start bit of the UART cannot be removed (as indicated by the documentation for various 8-bit AVR controllers). This would likely make it difficult to assemble the CAN data bits in the desired format.
Feel free to share your results if you achieve anything interesting with an ISP interface and an MCP2515.
I'm going to try reading the MCP2515 documentation on the side, and I'll also buy an STK501 just in case.
Thank you and best regards.
Stephan.